Section outline

  • THEMATIC FOCUS

    Governance GOV
    A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.

    LEARNING OBJECTIVE

    Unit 3: Learning Objective A
    Explain how and why various land-based empires developed and expanded from 1450 to 1750.

    HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS

    KC-4.3.II
    Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and armed trade to establish large empires in both hemispheres.

    KC-4.3.II.B
    Land empires included the Manchu in Central and East Asia; the Mughal in South and Central Asia; the Ottoman in Southern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa; and the Safavids in the Middle East.

    KC-4.3.III.i
    Political and religious disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states.