• Sensorimotor Stage
    Birth to about 2 years
    Children learn through senses and actions; they develop object permanence.

  • Preoperational Stage
    About 2 to 7 years
    Children use symbols and language but think egocentrically and lack logical reasoning.

  • Concrete Operational Stage
    About 7 to 11 years
    Children develop logical thinking about concrete events; they understand conservation, classification, and cause-and-effect.

  • Formal Operational Stage
    About 12 years and up
    Teens and adults develop abstract reasoning, hypothetical thinking, and systematic problem-solving.

Last modified: Monday, 17 November 2025, 2:22 AM